The Effect of AR/VR-Based Flashcards in a Flipped Classroom on Young EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Mastery

Abstract

The integration of immersive technology in language education offers promising opportunities for improving vocabulary mastery. This study investigated the effect of integrating AR/VR-based flashcards in a flipped classroom on young EFL learners’ vocabulary mastery. A quantitative design was conducted with 30 young learners of K-4, who completed three tests using a speaking rubric adapted from school-level standard Vocabulary assessment. Results showed a significant improvement in most students, with an overall mean score of 71.00. The findings suggest that AR/VR tools combined with flipped instruction can enhance learners’ vocabulary mastery, particularly in early language education contexts. Furthermore, the results have practical implications for language educators and curriculum developers to integrate immersive, student-centered tools in foundational language learning.